A conditional probability distribution is the probability distribution of an uncertain variable, U, that depends on the outcomes of one or more other variables, V₁, ..., V_n. Mathematically, U's conditional probability distribution, given V₁, ..., V_n, is written {U | V₁, ..., V_n, E}, where E represents the background state of information under which the distribution is assessed.

See also: Conditional Dependence, Information, Pedigree and Unconditional Probability Distribution.